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A soda geyser is a physical reaction between a carbonated beverage, usually Diet Coke, and Mentos mints that causes the beverage to be expelled from its container. The candies catalyze the release of gas from the beverage, which creates an eruption that pushes most of the liquid up and out of the bottle.
The experiment is practised in schools around the world and is often used at open evenings to show the more engaging and entertaining aspects of science in secondary education settings. [2] [3] The experiment shows the amount of energy there is in a piece of candy. Jelly babies [4] or gummy bears [5] are often used for theatrics.
As described by a 1980 patent, the candy is made by dissolving sugars in water and is evaporated at 320 °F (160 °C) until the water content is 3% by mass. [10] The water and sugar mixture is then cooled to 280 °F (138 °C), and while being intensely stirred, it is pressurized with carbon dioxide at 730 pounds per square inch [psi] (50 atm). [10]
The Stanford marshmallow experiment was a study on delayed gratification in 1970 led by psychologist Walter Mischel, a professor at Stanford University. [1] In this study, a child was offered a choice between one small but immediate reward, or two small rewards if they waited for a period of time.
Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed. Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base, sweeteners, softeners/plasticizers, flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating. [1]
One method is to mix the raw materials with water, harden them, and then use heat to remove the water. Because of its high porosity, it dissolves quickly in the mouth. [3] [4] This was the original ramune candy. [5] The other is pressed without mixing in water. [3] Early dry ramune, such as "Juicy" sold by Kabaya in 1965. [5]
However, kinetic experiments with various candies have shown that the presence of gelatin and gum arabic in candies does not enhance the fountain. [11] Rather, it is the physical structure of candies that conveys the fountain effect. The structure of the Mentos is the most significant cause of the eruption due to nucleation.
Sugar candy is made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a syrup, which is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts to caramelize. Candy comes in a wide variety of textures, from soft and chewy to hard and brittle. The texture of candy depends on the ingredients and the temperatures that the candy is processed at.