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Hypotonia is a lack of resistance to passive movement, whereas muscle weakness results in impaired active movement. Central hypotonia originates from the central nervous system, while peripheral hypotonia is related to problems within the spinal cord, peripheral nerves and/or skeletal muscles. [2]
Dorsal and ventral: In animals with linear nervous systems, the term dorsal (from the Latin dorsum, meaning "back") is synonymous with superior and the term ventral (from the Latin venter, meaning "belly") is synonymous with inferior. In humans, however, the terminology differs on either side of the midbrain-diencephalic junction.
Central and peripheral refer to the distance towards and away from the centre of something. [33] That might be an organ, a region in the body, or an anatomical structure. For example, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous systems. Central (from Latin centralis) describes something close to the centre. [33]
Hypotonia or atonia – Tone is not velocity dependent. Hyporeflexia - Along with deep reflexes even cutaneous reflexes are also decreased or absent. Strength – weakness is limited to segmental or focal pattern, Root innervated pattern [clarification needed] The extensor plantar reflex (Babinski sign) is usually absent. Muscle paresis ...
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely upper motor neuron lesions. [1] Impaired ability of damaged motor neurons to regulate descending pathways gives rise to disordered spinal reflexes , increased excitability of muscle spindles ...
Hypotonia can present clinically as muscle flaccidity, where the limbs appear floppy, stretch reflex responses are decreased, and the limb's resistance to passive movement is also decreased. [1] Hypertonia is seen in upper motor neuron diseases like lesions in pyramidal tract and extrapyramidal tract.
Primary symptoms of the disease are developmental delay, progressive intellectual disability, hypotonia (low muscle tone), spasticity (stiffness of the limbs) possibly leading to quadriplegia, and progressive dementia. Seizures may include epilepsia partialis continua, a type of seizure that consists of repeated myoclonic (muscle) jerks.
In medicine, paresis (/ p ə ˈ r iː s ɪ s, ˈ p æ r ə s ɪ s /), compund word from greek Ancient Greek: πάρεσις, (πᾰρᾰ- “beside” + ἵημι “let go, release”), is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement.