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A laboratory route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene proceeds from 2- and 4-toluidines (i.e. 2- and 4-aminotoluene). These compounds are diazotized followed by treatment with cuprous chloride. [1] Industrially, the diazonium method is reserved for 3-chlorotoluene. The industrial route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene entails direct reaction of toluene with ...
Ethyltoluene describes organic compounds with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 2 CH 3. Three isomers exist: 1,2- 1,3-, and 1,4-. All are colorless liquids, immiscible in water, with similar boiling points. They are classified are aromatic hydrocarbons. The ring bears two substituents: a methyl group and an ethyl group. [1]
Toluene (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u iː n /), also known as toluol (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u. ɒ l,-ɔː l,-oʊ l /), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [15] with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 3, often abbreviated as PhCH 3, where Ph stands for the phenyl group.
Purification is challenging because the individual isomers have similar properties. The 2,6 and 3,5 isomers do not form acceptably from toluene or chlorotoluenes, so these isomers are prepared by indirect methods. For example, 2,6-dichlorotoluene can be prepared by chlorination of 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride followed by desulfonation. [1]
For esters such as ethyl acetate (CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3), ethyl formate (HCOOCH 2 CH 3) or dimethyl phthalate that are based on common acids, IUPAC recommends use of these established names, called retained names. The "-oate" changes to "-ate." Some simple examples, named both ways, are shown in the figure above.
CFT is used to prepare 2-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde via oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, which forms an aldehyde group. [ 2 ] CFT is also used in the preparation of 4-chloro-1 H -indazole .
An uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a molecule that disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria by dissociating the reactions of ATP synthesis from the electron transport chain.
Chloroethyl chloroformates (chemical formula: C 3 H 4 Cl 2 O 2) are a pair of related chemical compounds. They can be used to form protecting groups and as N-dealkylating agents. [1] They are listed as extremely hazardous substances. [2]