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The Chaman Fault is a major, active geological fault in Pakistan and Afghanistan that runs for over 850 km. [1] Tectonically, it is actually a system of related geologic faults that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate. It is a terrestrial, primarily transform, left-lateral strike-slip fault.
Coulomb stress transfer is a seismic-related geological process of stress changes to surrounding material caused by local discrete deformation events. [1] Using mapped displacements of the Earth's surface during earthquakes, the computed Coulomb stress changes suggest that the stress relieved during an earthquake not only dissipates but can also move up and down fault segments, concentrating ...
As illustrated, an earthquake zone may start as a single crack, growing to form many individual cracks and collections of cracks along a fault. The key to fault growth is the concept of a "following force", as conveniently provided for interplate earthquakes, by the motion of tectonic plates. Under a following force, the seismic displacements ...
A fault off the Pacific coast could devastate Washington, Oregon and Northern California with a major earthquake and tsunami. Researchers mapped it comprehensively for the first time.
In the case of a fault-related event, it refers to the orientation of the fault plane that slipped, and the slip vector and is also known as a fault-plane solution. Focal mechanisms are derived from a solution of the moment tensor for the earthquake, which itself is estimated by an analysis of observed seismic waveforms. The focal mechanism can ...
In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes can occur naturally or be induced by human activities, such as mining, fracking, and nuclear tests. The initial point of rupture is called the hypocenter or focus, while the ground level directly above it is the epicenter.
The earthquake cycle refers to the phenomenon that earthquakes repeatedly occur on the same fault as the result of continual stress accumulation and periodic stress release. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Earthquake cycles can occur on a variety of faults including subduction zones and continental faults.
San Andreas Fault System (Banning fault, Mission Creek fault, South Pass fault, San Jacinto fault, Elsinore fault) 1300: California, United States: Dextral strike-slip: Active: 1906 San Francisco (M7.7 to 8.25), 1989 Loma Prieta (M6.9) San Ramón Fault: Chile: Thrust fault: Sawtooth Fault: Idaho, United States: Normal fault: Seattle Fault ...