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Luna 1 became the first artificial object to reach the escape velocity of the Earth, [14] along with its carrier rocket's 1,472-kilogram (3,245 lb) [2] upper stage, which it separated from after being the first spacecraft to reach heliocentric orbit. [1] It remains in orbit around the Sun, between the orbits of Earth and Mars. [2]
Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. Its goal was to put a person into Earth orbit and return them safely, ideally before the Soviet Union. John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962, aboard the Mercury-Atlas 6. [57]
Earth: Sputnik 1: First satellite in orbit. [5] USSR 4 October 1957 Earth: Sputnik 2: First animal in orbit, Laika, a dog. USSR 3 November 1957 Earth: Vanguard 1: Oldest satellite still in orbit, in addition to its upper launch stage. Expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmission in May 1964. USA 17 March 1958 Earth: Pioneer 1
Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968, and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program (the first, Apollo 7, stayed in Earth orbit). Apollo 8 was the third flight and the first crewed launch of the Saturn V rocket.
The New Glenn rocket was named after John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth more than 60 years ago. The rocket is more powerful than SpaceX's most commonly-used rocket, the Falcon 9.
Rosetta was the first spacecraft to orbit a comet nucleus, [51] and was the first spacecraft to fly alongside a comet as it headed towards the inner Solar System. It became the first spacecraft to examine at close proximity the activity of a frozen comet as it is warmed by the Sun .
Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток, lit. ' East ' or ' Orient ') was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to reach orbital velocity around the Earth and to complete a full orbit ...
This is the second attempt at reaching orbit for Virgin Orbit, after a first try in late May ended with the LauncherOne rocket initiating an automatic safety shutdown of its engines shortly after ...