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In medicine, vein graft failure (VGF) is a condition in which vein grafts, which are used as alternative conduits in bypass surgeries (e.g. CABG), get occluded. Veins, mainly the great saphenous vein (GSV) are the most frequently used conduits in bypass surgeries (CABG or PABG), due to their ease of use and availability. [1]
The same year, American surgeon Michael DeBakey used a saphenous vein to create an aorta-coronary artery bypass. Argentinean surgeon René Favaloro advanced and standardized the CABG technique using the patient's saphenous vein. [53] The introduction of arresting the heart during operation (cardioplegia) made CABG much less risky.
A synthetic graft remains open in 33 to 50 out of 100 people 5 years after Popliteal bypass surgery was carried out, whereas using veins, the bypass remains unobstructed in 66 out of 100 people. [12] Moreover, the particular vein, great saphenous vein was shown to be more durable over the years after surgery. [5]
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been in practice since the 1960s. Historically, vessels—such as the great saphenous vein in the leg or the radial artery in the arm—were obtained using a traditional "open" procedure that required a single, long incision from groin to ankle, or a "bridging" technique that used three or four smaller incisions.
The great saphenous vein (GSV) or long saphenous vein (/ s ə ˈ f iː n ə s /) is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb, returning blood from the foot , leg and thigh to the deep femoral vein at the femoral triangle .
Acute graft occlusion is the occlusion (blockage) of a vascular bypass graft shortly after the bypass is performed. Its causes, which are distinct from those of chronic graft occlusion , include technical failure (e.g. anastomotic stricture, incomplete valve lysis in non-reversed vein) and thrombosis.
Venous external support made of cobalt chromium alloy mesh. In cardiac surgery and vascular surgery, external support (or external stent) is a type of scaffold made of metal or plastic material that is inserted over the outside of the vein graft in order to decrease the intermediate and late vein graft failure after bypass surgery (e.g. CABG).
Vascular grafts are used to replace or bypass damaged or occluded vessels. For small-diameter vessels (<6mm), autologous vessels usually involve the harvesting of the saphenous vein or the femoral artery. [25]