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A sanitary manhole under construction. A sanitary manhole (sewer manhole, [1] sanitary sewer manhole [2] or sewer maintenance hole [3]) is a manhole that is used as an access point for maintenance and inspection of an underground sanitary sewer system. Sanitary manholes are sometimes used as vents to prevent the buildup of pressurized sewage ...
A manhole cover sits on a metal base, with a smaller inset rim which fits the cover. The base and cover are sometimes called "castings", because they are usually made by a casting process, typically sand-casting techniques. [1] Pick holes in manhole cover, Palo Alto, California, USA Manhole valve made in 2022
Invert level affects flow from drainage pipes. In civil engineering, the invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel; it can be considered the "floor" level. [1]
A manhole (utility hole, maintenance hole, [1] or sewer hole) is an opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel. Manholes, typically protected by a manhole cover , are often used as an access point for an underground public utility , allowing inspection, maintenance, and system upgrades.
The term is generally applied to any item used to mark a point as an elevation reference. Frequently, bronze or aluminum disks are set in stone or concrete, or on rods driven deeply into the earth to provide a stable elevation point. If an elevation is marked on a map, but there is no physical mark on the ground, it is a spot height.
Shafts are often entered through a manhole and closed by a manhole cover. They are constructed for a number of reasons including: For the construction of a tunnel; For ventilation of a tunnel or underground structure, aka ventilation shaft; As a drop shaft for a sewerage or water tunnel
Gravity sewer flow as seen looking down into an open sanitary manhole. A gravity sewer is a conduit utilizing the energy resulting from a difference in elevation to remove unwanted water. The term sewer implies removal of sewage or surface runoff rather than water intended for use; [ 1 ] and the term gravity excludes water movement induced ...
Packaged metering manhole factories integrate a primary device (typically a flume [1] or weir [2]) into a fiberglass manhole. The result is a lightweight, single-piece (generally), corrosion resistant structure from which an operator can measure piped flows, take composite samples, and perform water quality parameter monitoring.