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The Weiss magneton was experimentally derived in 1911 as a unit of magnetic moment equal to 1.53 × 10 −24 joules per tesla, which is about 20% of the Bohr magneton. In the summer of 1913, the values for the natural units of atomic angular momentum and magnetic moment were obtained by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr as a consequence of his ...
The magnetic moment of the electron is =, where μ B is the Bohr magneton, S is electron spin, and the g-factor g S is 2 according to Dirac's theory, but due to quantum electrodynamic effects it is slightly larger in reality: 2.002 319 304 36.
Here g L is the electron orbital g-factor and μ B is the Bohr magneton. The value of g L is exactly equal to one, by a quantum-mechanical argument analogous to the derivation of the classical gyromagnetic ratio .
The above classical relation does not hold, giving the wrong result by the absolute value of the electron's g-factor, which is denoted g e: = | | =, where μ B is the Bohr magneton. The gyromagnetic ratio due to electron spin is twice that due to the orbiting of an electron.
where N is the Avogadro constant, g is the Landé g-factor, and μ B is the Bohr magneton. In this treatment it has been assumed that the electronic ground state is not degenerate, that the magnetic susceptibility is due only to electron spin and that only the ground state is thermally populated.
The term "orbital" distinguishes it from the contribution of spin degrees of freedom, M spin, to the total magnetization. A nonzero orbital magnetization requires broken time-reversal symmetry, which can occur spontaneously in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials, or can be induced in a non- magnetic material by an applied magnetic field .
This page lists examples of magnetic moments produced by various sources, grouped by orders of magnitude. The magnetic moment of an object is an intrinsic property and does not change with distance, and thus can be used to measure "how strong" a magnet is.
299 792 458 m⋅s −1: 0 [2] ... Bohr magneton: ... = / nuclear magneton: 5.050 783 7393 (16) × 10 −27 J⋅T −1: 3.1 × 10 −10 [41] = / classical electron ...