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Bacterial taxonomy is the classification of strains within the domain Bacteria into hierarchies of similarity. This classification is similar to that of plants , mammals , and other taxonomies. However, biologists specializing in different areas have developed differing taxonomic conventions over time.
Oligotyping has been used for classifying bacteria, [1] identifying bacterial antibiotic resistance genes, [2] identifying genetic factors in human infectious disease, [3] and performing histocompatibility tests for human blood or bone marrow donors/recipients .
DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) is used as a primary method to distinguish bacterial species as it is difficult to visually classify them accurately. [7] This technique is not widely used on larger organisms where differences in species are easier to identify.
The bacterial strain is assigned a type based on its lysis pattern. [3] Phage typing was used to trace the source of infectious outbreaks throughout the 1900s, but it has been replaced by genotypic methods such as whole genome sequencing for epidemiological characterization. [1]
Jacques Monod and François Jacob used Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria, in order to develop the operon model of gene expression, which lay down the basis of gene expression and regulation. [54] Furthermore, the hereditary processes of single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms are similar to those in multi-cellular organisms allowing ...
In the 1980s microbial phylogenetics went into its golden age, as the techniques for sequencing RNA and DNA improved greatly. [7] [8] For example, comparison of the nucleotide sequences of whole genes was facilitated by the development of the means to clone DNA, making possible to create many copies of sequences from minute samples.
GTDB "has now become an important resource for prokaryotic taxonomy". Both its species tree and elements of its methodology are used by taxonomists to improve the current, accepted taxonomy under the Prokaryotic Code. For example, a taxonomist may make references to the GTDB tree on top of their own phylogenetic tree to further support a ...
Bergey's Manual Trust was established in 1936 to sustain the publication of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and supplementary reference works. The Trust also recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to bacterial taxonomy by presentation of the Bergey Award and Bergey Medal, jointly supported by funds from the Trust and from Springer, the publishers of the ...