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If there is a remainder in solving a partition problem, the parts will end up with unequal sizes. For example, if 52 cards are dealt out to 5 players, then 3 of the players will receive 10 cards each, and 2 of the players will receive 11 cards each, since 52 5 = 10 + 2 5 {\textstyle {\frac {52}{5}}=10+{\frac {2}{5}}} .
The only partition of zero is the empty sum, having no parts. The order-dependent composition 1 + 3 is the same partition as 3 + 1, and the two distinct compositions 1 + 2 + 1 and 1 + 1 + 2 represent the same partition as 2 + 1 + 1. An individual summand in a partition is called a part.
The golden number of any Julian or Gregorian calendar year can be calculated by dividing the year by 19, taking the remainder, and adding 1. (In mathematics this can be expressed as (year number modulo 19) + 1.) For example, 2025 divided by 19 gives 106, remainder 11. Adding 1 to the remainder gives a golden number of 12.
The simplest way of viewing division is in terms of quotition and partition: from the quotition perspective, 20 / 5 means the number of 5s that must be added to get 20. In terms of partition, 20 / 5 means the size of each of 5 parts into which a set of size 20 is divided. For example, 20 apples divide into five groups of four apples, meaning ...
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
These two types of partition are in bijection with each other, by a diagonal reflection of their Young diagrams. Their numbers can be arranged into a triangle, the triangle of partition numbers , in which the n {\displaystyle n} th row gives the partition numbers p 1 ( n ) , p 2 ( n ) , … , p n ( n ) {\displaystyle p_{1}(n),p_{2}(n),\dots ,p ...
For algorithms describing how to calculate the remainder, see division algorithm.) The remainder, as defined above, is called the least positive remainder or simply the remainder . [ 2 ] The integer a is either a multiple of d , or lies in the interval between consecutive multiples of d , namely, q⋅d and ( q + 1) d (for positive q ).
Divide the year's last two digits (call this y) by 12 and let a be the floor of the quotient. Let b be the remainder of the same quotient. Divide that remainder by 4 and let c be the floor of the quotient. Let d be the sum of the three numbers (d = a + b + c). (It is again possible here to divide by seven and take the remainder.