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A variety of standard sizes of primary cells. From left: 4.5V multicell battery, D, C, AA, AAA, AAAA, A23, 9V multicell battery, (top) LR44, (bottom) CR2032 A primary battery or primary cell is a battery (a galvanic cell) that is designed to be used once and discarded, and it is not rechargeable unlike a secondary cell (rechargeable battery).
This list is a summary of notable electric battery types composed of one or more electrochemical cells. Three lists are provided in the table. Three lists are provided in the table. The primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) cell lists are lists of battery chemistry.
Primary batteries, or primary cells, can produce current immediately on assembly. These are most commonly used in portable devices that have low current drain, are used only intermittently, or are used well away from an alternative power source, such as in alarm and communication circuits where other electric power is only intermittently available.
CR2032 lithium button cell battery Lithium 9 volt, AA, and AAA sizes. The top object is a battery of three lithium-manganese dioxide cells; the bottom two are lithium-iron disulfide cells and are compatible with 1.5-volt alkaline cells. Lithium metal batteries are primary batteries that have metallic lithium as an anode.
The magnesium–air battery is a primary cell, but has the potential to be 'refuelable' by replacement of the anode and electrolyte. Some primary magnesium batteries find use as land-based backup systems as well as undersea power sources, using seawater as the electrolyte. [5] The Mark 44 torpedo uses a water-activated magnesium battery.
A silver oxide battery uses silver(I) oxide as the positive electrode , zinc as the negative electrode , plus an alkaline electrolyte, usually sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). The silver is reduced at the cathode from Ag(I) to Ag, and the zinc is oxidized from Zn to Zn(II).
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here. [64]
Primary cells are made in a range of standard sizes to power small household appliances such as flashlights and portable radios. [citation needed] As chemical reactions proceed in a primary cell, the battery uses up the chemicals that generate the power; when they are gone, the battery stops producing electricity. [citation needed]