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A myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is created in the eardrum (tympanic membrane) to relieve pressure caused by excessive buildup of fluid, or to drain pus from the middle ear. A tympanostomy tube may be inserted through the eardrum to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged time and to prevent reaccumulation of fluid ...
The eardrum usually closes without a residual hole at the tube site but in a small number of cases a perforation can persist. [1] For children with otitis media with effusion (glue ear), tympanostomy tubes decrease the prevalence of effusions by 33% and improve hearing by 5-12 decibels , within 1–3 months of the procedure.
punching out holes in bones or other tissues •Henckle's punch forceps: punching out holes in bones or other tissues Eustachian (tube) catheter: on certain procedures of the eustachian tube or the middle ear like patency test; inflate middle ear and clear eustachian tube blockade; removal of foreign body of the nose; as a suction cannula. Mirrors
A perforated eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a prick in the eardrum. It can be caused by infection (otitis media), trauma, overpressure (loud noise), inappropriate ear clearing, and changes in middle ear pressure. An otoscope can be used to view the eardrum to diagnose a perforation. Perforations may heal naturally or require surgery.
Surgery for cholesteatoma offers the most advantages for using the endoscope instead of the microscope. Failures in cholesteatoma surgery are most common in certain areas of the anatomy of the tympanic cavity, such as the facial recess, sinus tympani, anterior attic, and the protympanum which are poorly accessed with the microscope. [12]
The surgery takes 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 hour if done through the ear canal and 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 2 hours if an incision is needed. It is done under local or general anesthesia . It is done on an inpatient or day case basis and is successful 85–90% of the time.
The graft material most commonly used for the surgery is temporalis fascia. The tragal cartilage [1] and tragal perichondrium are also used as the graft by some surgeons. Myringoplasty restores hearing loss in certain cases of tinnitus. The chances of re-infection and persistent discharge is less after surgery.
Stapedectomy is a surgical procedure in which the stapes bone is removed from the middle ear and replaced with a prosthesis.. If the stapes footplate is fixed in position, rather than being normally mobile, the result is a conductive hearing loss.