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Newtonian gravity predicts that the orbit which a single planet traces around a perfectly spherical star should be an ellipse. Einstein's theory predicts a more complicated curve: the planet behaves as if it were travelling around an ellipse, but at the same time, the ellipse as a whole is rotating slowly around the star.
In 1915, he devised the Einstein field equations which relate the curvature of spacetime with the mass, energy, and any momentum within it. Some of the consequences of general relativity are: Gravitational time dilation: Clocks run slower in deeper gravitational wells. [11] Precession: Orbits precess in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of ...
Einstein showed in 1915 how his theory explained the anomalous perihelion advance of the planet Mercury without any arbitrary parameters ("fudge factors"), [12] and in 1919 an expedition led by Eddington confirmed general relativity's prediction for the deflection of starlight by the Sun during the total solar eclipse of 29 May 1919, [13 ...
In 1900, Hendrik Lorentz tried to explain gravity on the basis of his ether theory and Maxwell's equations. He assumed, like Ottaviano Fabrizio Mossotti and Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, that the attraction of opposite charged particles is stronger than the repulsion of equal charged particles. The resulting net force is exactly what is known ...
At the same time, in a closely related development, the study of physical cosmology entered the mainstream and the Big Bang became well established. Fulvio Melia refers frequently to the "golden age of relativity" in his book Cracking the Einstein Code. Andrzej Trautman hosted a relativity conference in Warsaw in 1962 to which Melia refers:
Any theory of gravity will predict gravitational time dilation if it respects the principle of equivalence. [ 6 ] : 16 This includes Newtonian gravitation. A standard demonstration in general relativity is to show how, in the " Newtonian limit " (i.e. the particles are moving slowly, the gravitational field is weak, and the field is static ...
Spacetime topology is the topological structure of spacetime, a topic studied primarily in general relativity.This physical theory models gravitation as the curvature of a four dimensional Lorentzian manifold (a spacetime) and the concepts of topology thus become important in analysing local as well as global aspects of spacetime.
1911 – Albert Einstein explains the need to replace both special relativity and Newton's theory of gravity; he realizes that the principle of equivalence only holds locally, not globally. [53] 1912 – Friedrich Kottler applies the notion of tensors to curved spacetime. [54] [52] 1915-16 – Albert Einstein completes his general theory of ...