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Headquarters in Werdohl, Germany. VDM Metals Group (formerly Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke) based in Werdohl, Germany, is a manufacturer of corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and high-temperature nickel alloys, cobalt and zirconium alloys as well as high-alloyed special stainless steels.
Outokumpu Oyj is a group of international companies headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, with 10,600 employees in more than 30 countries.Outokumpu is the largest producer of stainless steel in Europe and the second largest producer in the Americas.
Initially named Outokumpu Metals Group when the merger went ahead in 1991, after which the company operated as a subsidiary of the Finnish firm, Kokkola spun off its 96 percent share in the company in 1993, leading to the establishment of the OM Group. Mooney continued to own a 4% share. [4]
Outotec Oyj (Outokumpu Technology prior to 24 April 2007 [4]) was a Finnish company, headquartered in Espoo, aimed at providing technologies and services for the metal and mineral processing industries. In 2020, Outotec merged with Metso Minerals and new company is called Metso Outotec. [5]
Bunker adjustment factor, bunker surcharge or BAF refers to the floating part of sea freight charges which represents additions due to oil prices. [1] BAF charges used to be determined by Carrier Conferences to be applicable for a certain period on a certain trade route. The European Commission banned Carrier Conferences as of October 17, 2008 ...
Outokumpu Nirosta is a business segment of Outokumpu, headquartered in Krefeld, Germany. It produces flats of stainless steel. Prior to January 2012, it was named ...
[4] [5] The concentrate must be dried before it is injected into the furnaces and, in the case of the Outokumpu process, some of the furnaces use an optional heater to warm the reaction gas typically to 100–450 °C. [5] The reactions in the flash smelting furnaces produce copper matte, iron oxides and sulfur dioxide.
A surcharge may refer to: An extra fee added onto another fee or charge Bunker adjustment factor, sea freight charges which represents additions due to oil prices; Surcharge (payment systems), charged by merchants when receiving payment by cheque, credit, charge or debit card; An overprint that affects the value of a postage stamp