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In this view all events have natural and only natural causes. They believe that human beings ascribe supernatural attributes to purely natural events, such as lightning, rainbows, floods and the origin of life. [14] [15]
The anthropologist William K. Powers characterized these as "supernatural beings and powers," [58] although Lakota belief draws no distinction between the natural and the supernatural, [59] the latter being a European-derived category. [60] In Lakota belief, the wakʽąpi are immortal. [61]
These supernatural beings, whose worship is the essential object of voodoo, are called lwa, 'mysteries' and, in northern Haiti, 'saints' or 'angels'. Alongside them are the Twins, who wield great power, and the 'dead', who demand sacrifices and offerings and exert a direct influence on the fate of the living.
Magic, sometimes spelled magick, [1] is the application of beliefs, rituals or actions employed in the belief that they can manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces. [2] It is a category into which have been placed various beliefs and practices sometimes considered separate from both religion and science.
A common belief worldwide is that witches use objects, words, and gestures to cause supernatural harm, or that they simply have an innate power to do so. Hutton notes that both kinds of practitioners are often believed to exist in the same culture and that the two often overlap, in that someone with an inborn power could wield that power ...
In Mozambique, a new belief in spirit possession appeared after the Mozambican Civil War. These spirits, called gamba, are said to be identified as dead soldiers, and allegedly overwhelmingly possess women. Prior to the war, spirit possession was limited to certain families and was less common.
[29] [a] These have been described as "spirits", [32] or "spiritual beings", [33] while the scholar of religion Theresa S. Smith called them "the power beings of the Ojibwe cosmos". [5] The most powerful of these manitouk were the four winds, the underwater serpents, the thunderbirds, the owners of various animal species, the windigo, and ...
Their religion was animism, the belief that natural species and objects had souls. With the development of private property, the descent groups were displaced by the emergence of the territorial state. These rituals and beliefs eventually evolved over time into the vast array of "developed" religions.