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1794 portrait of Catherine the Great by Dmitry Levitzky. Born in 1754, [1] Paul was the son of Emperor Peter III and Catherine the Great. [2] Six months after Peter's accession, Catherine participated in a successful coup d'état against her husband; Peter was deposed and killed in prison. [3] During Catherine's reign, Russia was revitalized.
Catherine did this because of universal standards Europeans used to compare themselves. [16] In contrast to Peter I, who regulated Russian society through public ceremony and legislation, Catherine promoted "the internal mechanisms of behavior regulation." [16] She attempted to achieve this remarkable goal through education.
Catherine subsequently deposed Paul's father, Peter III, to take the Russian throne and become Catherine the Great. [2] While Catherine hinted in the first edition of her memoirs published by Alexander Herzen in 1859 that her lover Sergei Saltykov was Paul's biological father, she later recanted and asserted in the final edition that Peter III ...
Tsar Peter III and his wife, the future Catherine the Great. He reigned only six months, and died on 17 July 1762. After the death of the Empress Elizabeth on 5 January 1762 (OS: 25 December 1761), Peter succeeded to the throne as Emperor Peter III and Catherine became empress consort.
The political struggle between Catherine and Paul, which initially "had secret significance hidden from the uninitiated but known to the court", [8] soon became public, being well known not only to Saint Petersburg but also to numerous foreign courts. [9] Catherine began changing the architecture of Russia upon her ascension to the throne. [10]
Catherine I Alekseyevna Mikhailova; [a] born Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya; [b] 15 April [O.S. 5 April] 1684 – 17 May [O.S. 6 May] 1727) was the second wife and Empress consort of Peter the Great, whom she succeeded as Empress of Russia, ruling from 1725 until her death in 1727.
Panin further incensed Catherine by meddling with the marriage arrangements of the grand duke Paul and by advocating a closer alliance with Prussia, whereas the empress was beginning to incline more and more towards Austria. Nevertheless, even after Paul's second marriage, Panin maintained all his old influence over his pupil, who, like himself ...
Peter the Great. The government reforms of Peter I aimed to modernize the Tsardom of Russia (later the Russian Empire) based on Western European models. Peter ascended to the throne at the age of 10 in 1682; he ruled jointly with his half-brother Ivan V. After Ivan's death in 1696, Peter started his series of sweeping reforms.