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A cable protection system (CPS) protects subsea power cables against various factors that could reduce the cable's lifetime, when entering an offshore structure.. When a subsea power cable is laid, there is an area where the cable can be subjected to increased dynamic forces the cable is not necessarily designed to withstand over its lifetime.
A back-to-back station has no transmission line and joins two separate AC grids at a single point. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.
NKT A/S (formerly NKT Holding A/S) produces low-, medium- and high-voltage power cable solutions and accessories, primarily focused on the European market. It is best known for its offshore high-voltage DC cables that are connecting offshore wind farms to onshore grids.
HVDC DolWin1 is a high voltage direct current link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea. Voltage-Sourced Converters are used and the total cable
The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea. Voltage-Sourced Converters with DC ratings of 900 MW, ±320 kV are used and the total cable length is 160 km. The overall project is being built by Alstom with the cables supplied by Prysmian and offshore platform by Nordic Yards.
The International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) is a submarine cable protection non-profit organisation. It was formed in 1958 to promote the protection of international telecommunications and power submarine cables against human and natural hazards.
In 2010, the US Energy Information Agency said "offshore wind power is the most expensive energy generating technology being considered for large scale deployment". [5] The 2010 state of offshore wind power presented economic challenges significantly greater than onshore systems, with prices in the range of 2.5-3.0 million Euro/MW. [36]
By 2015 the Hartlepool facility had expanded to include 280,000 square feet (26,000 m 2) of warehousing and employed 180 persons, driven by orders from the offshore oil and gas and wind industries. [4] In early 2016 the business began constructing an additional 80,000 square feet (7,400 m 2) factory at Hartlepool. [5]