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The Black Death killed, by various estimations, from 25 to 60% of Europe's population. Robert Gottfried writes that as early as 1351, "agents for Pope Clement VI calculated the number of dead in Christian Europe at 23,840,000. With a preplague population of about 75 million, Clement's figure accounts for mortality of 31%-a rate about midway ...
Yersinia pestis seen at 2000× magnification. This bacterium, carried and spread by the flea, is generally thought to have been the cause of millions of deaths. [2]Several possible causes have been advanced for the Black Death; the most prevalent is the bubonic plague theory. [3]
Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae. [1] Yersinia species are Gram-negative, coccobacilli bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes. [2] Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestis is the causative agent of the plague.
Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis; formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium without spores that is related to both Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the pathogen from which Y. pestis evolved [1] [2] and responsible for the Far East scarlet-like fever.
It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century. Originating in Asia, it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony. The plague was spread by flea ...
Alexandre Émile Jean Yersin (22 September 1863 – 1 March 1943) was a Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist.He is remembered as the co-discoverer (1894) of the bacillus responsible for the bubonic plague or pest, which was later named in his honour: Yersinia pestis.
The strain of Yersinia pestis responsible for the Black Death, the devastating pandemic of bubonic plague, does not appear to be a direct descendant of the Justinian plague strain. However, the spread of Justinian plague may have caused the evolutionary radiation that gave rise to the currently extant 0ANT.1 clade of strains.
Collecting the dead for burial during the Great Plague. The Great Plague of London, ... The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, [4] ...