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Horizontal integration can take various forms, including expanding through new product development, expanding geographically, or acquiring competitors or suppliers. [21] This strategy can enable companies to increase their market share and achieve economies of scale by leveraging existing resources and capabilities. [22]
Vertical integration is often closely associated with vertical expansion which, in economics, is the growth of a business enterprise through the acquisition of companies that produce the intermediate goods needed by the business or help market and distribute its product.
The Integrated Management Concept, or IMC is an approach to structure management challenges by applying a "system-theoretical perspective that sees ... strategic, and ...
Horizontal integration and vertical integration, in microeconomics and strategic management, styles of ownership and control; Regional integration, in which states cooperate through regional institutions and rules; Integration clause, a declaration that a contract is the final and complete understanding of the parties
Integrated Business Planning (IBP) is a strategic process that aligns an organisation’s business objectives with its operational and financial plans to ensure cohesive decision-making and optimised performance. It serves as an evolution of traditional sales and operations planning (TS&OP), extending its scope to integrate all necessary to ...
Service Integration and Management (SIAM) is an approach to managing multiple suppliers of services (business services as well as information technology services) and integrating them to provide a single business-facing IT organization. It aims at seamlessly integrating interdependent services from various internal and external service ...
Enterprise integration is a technical field of enterprise architecture, which is focused on the study of topics such as system interconnection, ...
A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer.The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.