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While acceptance for corporal punishment diminished, the state gained the right to administer more subtle methods of punishment, such as to observe. [31] The French sociologist Henri Lefebvre studied urban space and Foucault's interpretation of the panopticon prison, arriving at the conclusion that spatiality is a social phenomenon.
Twentieth-century French philosopher Michel Foucault argued that the panopticon was paradigmatic of several 19th-century "disciplinary" institutions. [33] Bentham remained bitter throughout his later life about the rejection of the panopticon scheme, convinced that it had been thwarted by the King and an aristocratic elite.
The Cellular Jail, also known as 'Kālā Pānī' (transl. 'Black Water'), was a British colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.The prison was used by the colonial government of India for the purpose of exiling criminals and political prisoners.
Therefore, in a rational system, the punishment system must be graduated so that the punishment more closely matches the crime. Punishment is not retribution or revenge because that is morally deficient: the hangman is paying the murder the compliment of imitation. Bentham's ideas strengthened the principles behind the prison system.
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (French: Surveiller et punir : Naissance de la prison) is a 1975 book by French philosopher Michel Foucault.It is an analysis of the social and theoretical mechanisms behind the changes that occurred in Western penal systems during the modern age based on historical documents from France.
Parts of the prison were designed according to the panopticon concept proposed by the British philosopher and prison reformer, Jeremy Bentham. Stateville's "F-House" cellhouse, commonly known as a "roundhouse", has a panopticon layout which features an armed tower in the center of an open area surrounded by several tiers of cells.
From the surveillance hub, each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. In that way, the Separate Prison at Port Arthur differed from the original theory of the panopticon. [5] The Separate Prison System also signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological punishment.
The Panopticon is "an architectural plan", while panopticism is a "set of general ideas about the control of populations". [ 17 ] In the chapter entitled, Panopticism, Foucault argued that the procedures and technology for the control of the plague established around 1700 became a template for a more general form of social control.