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Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980).
During this last period of work, Piaget and his colleague Inhelder also published books on perception, memory, and other figurative processes such as learning. [35] [36] Because Piaget's theory is based upon biological maturation and stages, the notion of readiness is important. Readiness concerns when certain information or concepts should be ...
Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a theory of knowledge concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justification. [3] It acknowledges that learners bring prior knowledge and experiences shaped by their social and cultural environment and that learning is a process of students "constructing" knowledge based on their experiences.
Another significant theory was Jean Piaget's constructivism, which described how learners construct knowledge by expanding and changing their ideas based on the information they receive. [3] [7] Sigmund Freud's work on psychoanalysis and John Dewey's theories on schooling and learning were also major influences during this time. [1]
Piaget's theory describes three core cognitive processes that serve as mechanisms for transitioning from one stage to the next. Piaget's core processes for developmental change: Assimilation: The process of transforming new information so that it fits with ones' existing way of thinking. [5]
Jean Piaget was a major force establishing this field, forming his "theory of cognitive development". Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational period. [2] Many of Piaget's theoretical claims have since fallen out of favor.
Piaget proposes three types of knowledge: physical, logical mathematical, and social knowledge. Physical knowledge: It refers to knowledge related to objects in the world, which can be acquired through perceptual properties. The acquisition of physical knowledge has been equated with learning in Piaget's theory (Gruber and Voneche, 1995).
The learning theories of John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and David A. Kolb serve as the foundation of the application of constructivist learning theory in the classroom. [40] Constructivism has many varieties such as active learning , discovery learning , and knowledge building , but all versions promote a student's free exploration within a ...