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  2. Network packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet

    A data unit at layer 2, the data link layer, is a frame. In layer 4, the transport layer , the data units are segments and datagrams . Thus, in the example of TCP/IP communication over Ethernet , a TCP segment is carried in one or more IP packets , which are each carried in one or more Ethernet frames .

  3. Packet switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching

    Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an operating system, application software, or higher layer protocols. Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide.

  4. Data communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communication

    Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires , optical fibers , wireless communication using radio spectrum , storage media and computer buses .

  5. Data center network architectures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_center_network...

    The concerns about the energy needs and environmental impacts of data centers are intensifying. [5] Energy efficiency is one of the major challenges of today's information and communications technology (ICT) sector. The networking portion of a data center is accounted to consume around 15% of overall cyber energy usage.

  6. Point-to-point (telecommunications) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point...

    A 1 Gbit/s point-to-point millimeter-wave link installed in the UAE A point-to-point wireless unit with a built-in antenna at Huntington Beach, California. With the exception of passive optical networks, modern Ethernet is exclusively point-to-point on the physical layer – any cable only connects two devices.

  7. Transmission medium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium

    Optical fiber, which has emerged as the most commonly used transmission medium for long-distance communications, is a thin strand of glass that guides light along its length. Four major factors favor optical fiber over copper: data rates, distance, installation, and costs. Optical fiber can carry huge amounts of data compared to copper.

  8. Telecommunications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications

    Earth station at the satellite communication facility Raisting Earth Station in Raisting, Bavaria, Germany. Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies.

  9. Data link - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link

    A data link is a means of connecting one location to another for the purpose of transmitting and receiving digital information (data communication). It can also refer to a set of electronics assemblies, consisting of a transmitter and a receiver (two pieces of data terminal equipment ) and the interconnecting data telecommunication circuit .