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A clause typically contains a subject (a noun phrase) and a predicate (a verb phrase in the terminology used above; that is, a verb together with its objects and complements). A dependent clause also normally contains a subordinating conjunction (or in the case of relative clauses, a relative pronoun, or phrase containing one).
In traditional grammar, a subject complement is a predicative expression that follows a copula (commonly known as a linking verb), which complements the subject of a clause by means of characterization that completes the meaning of the subject. [1] When a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun functions as a subject complement, it is called a ...
These prepositional phrase complements can be specified by the preposition or not. In the prepositional phrase apart from Jill, for example, the preposition apart requires that the complement include the preposition from. In the prepositional phrase since before the war, however, the preposition since does not require the preposition before and ...
– The main verb help is the complement of the auxiliary verb, will. Chris gave up. – The particle up is the complement of the verb gave. as a friend – The noun phrase a friend is the complement of the preposition, as. Construed in the broad sense, many complements cannot be understood as arguments.
In addition to predicate adjectives and predicate nouns, [1] English allows for predicate prepositional phrases as well: John is behind the cocktail cabinet. [2] The following sentences include linking verbs. Roses are red. The detective felt sick. The soup tasted weird. Frankenstein's monster resembles a zombie. He quickly grew tired. You are ...
Subject + Verb (transitive) + Indirect Object + Direct Object Example: She made me a pie. This clause pattern is a derivative of S+V+O, transforming the object of a preposition into an indirect object of the verb, as the example sentence in transformational grammar is actually "She made a pie for me".
As with prepositional phrase complements of nouns, certain clause complements of nouns can be compared to verb and complement pairs (they realized that it is important; somebody required them to do it). [45] Nouns can also be complemented by noun phrases. Unusually, these noun phrase complements occur before the head noun.
CamGEL does not explicitly put forward a theory of grammar, but the implicit theory is a model theoretic phrase structure grammar, rejecting any kind of transformation. [7] [clarification needed] Every node in the phrase structure tree is denoted with a category label, either lexical or phrasal. The edges are labelled with a function label that ...