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  2. Penal treadmill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_treadmill

    A penal treadmill (penal treadwheel or everlasting staircase) was a treadwheel or treadmill with steps set into two cast iron wheels. These drove a shaft that could be used to mill corn, pump water, or connect to a large fan for resistance. [1] Penal treadmills were used in prisons during the 19th century in both Britain and the United States ...

  3. File:Treadmill at Brixton Prison in London (cropped).jpg

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Treadmill_at_Brixton...

    Treadmill at Brixton Prison in London, c1817, British Library. Note: The broadside features an illustration and description of a treadmill at Brixton Prison in London; it shows prisoners serving 'hard labour' engaged in grinding corn. The machine was designed by William Cubitt and was able to accommodate up to 24 prisoners at one time.

  4. Treadwheel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadwheel

    British penal treadwheel. A treadwheel, or treadmill, is a form of engine typically powered by humans. It may resemble a water wheel in appearance, and can be worked either by a human treading paddles set into its circumference (treadmill), or by a human or animal standing inside it (treadwheel).

  5. Crank machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_machine

    Cell, with Prisoner at Crank-Labour, In the Surrey House of Correction, 1851 Crank machine model, from the Oxford Prison & Castle museum.. The crank machine was a penal labour device used in England in the 19th century.

  6. Treadmill (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadmill_(disambiguation)

    Hamster treadmill, a wheel found in a rodent's cage; Omnidirectional treadmill, a device that allows a person to perform locomotive motion in any direction; Penal treadmill, a treadmill that was used to extract labor from prisoners in Victorian prisons

  7. Treadmill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadmill

    Example of modern treadmill. A treadmill is a device generally used for walking, running, or climbing while staying in the same place.Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines to harness the power of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill operated by a person or animal treading the steps of a treadwheel to grind grain.

  8. Penal treadwheel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Penal_treadwheel&redirect=no

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penal_treadwheel&oldid=740191463"This page was last edited on 19 September 2016, at 16:29 (UTC). (UTC).

  9. Prison farm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_farm

    A prison farm (also known as a penal farm) is a large correctional facility where penal labor convicts work — legally or illegally — on a farm (in the wide sense of a productive unit), usually for manual labor, largely in the open air, such as in agriculture, logging, quarrying, and mining.