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Promegakaryocytes and other precursor cells to megakaryocytes arise from pluripotential hematopoietic progenitors, [2] also known as hemocytoblasts. The megakaryoblast is then produced, followed by the promegakaryocyte, the granular megakaryocyte, and then the mature megakaryocyte. [ 3 ]
Promegakaryocytes are usually about 15μm to 30μm in diameter with a lobed nucleus and some azurophil granules within moderately basophilic cytoplasm. Granular megakaryocytes are typically 40μm to 60μm in diameter with a large multi-lobed nucleus and an abundance of azurohpil granules within slightly basophilic cytoplasm.
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is life-threatening leukemia in which malignant megakaryoblasts proliferate abnormally and injure various tissues. Megakaryoblasts are the most immature precursor cells in a platelet-forming lineage; they mature to promegakaryocytes and, ultimately, megakaryocytes which cells shed membrane-enclosed particles, i.e. platelets, into the circulation.
Example of platelets release in mature megakaryocytes. This footage shows the formation and spontaneous release of platelets (small round-shaped blood cells), imaged with a live-cell imaging microscope. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a 353-amino acid protein encoded on chromosome 3p27.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. [1] Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism).
A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes.
Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. These compartments are often, but not always, defined as membrane-bound organelles. The formation of cellular compartments is called compartmentalization.