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Table manners are the rules of etiquette used while eating and drinking together, which may also include the use of utensils. Different cultures observe different rules for table manners. Different cultures observe different rules for table manners.
Table manners have an ancient and complex history, as each society has gradually evolved its system. [1] Today, many of the behaviors that take place at the dinner table are deeply rooted in history. [2] Much of the invention of modern manners was done during the Renaissance in Italy. [3]
The Origin of Table Manners [Wikidata] (L'Origine des manières de table) - First published in 1968. Translated in 1978; The Naked Man [Wikidata] (L'Homme nu) - First published in 1971. Translated in 1981.
This refresher on modern table manner rules can help guide you during business and social occasions.
Elias traced how post-medieval European standards regarding violence, sexual behaviour, bodily functions, table manners and forms of speech were gradually transformed by increasing thresholds of shame and repugnance, working outward from a nucleus in court etiquette.
Mary Mitchell states that in most, if not all, cases where conflict emerges between external rules and the urge to be kind and considerate, manners should trump etiquette. She emphasizes that: "In every human situation there is the correct action, the incorrect action, and the appropriate action." [8]
All Manners of Food: Eating and Taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to the Present by Stephen Mennell. University of Illinois, 1995. The Rituals of Dinner: The Origins, Evolution, Eccentricities, and Meaning of Table Manners by Margaret Visser. New York: Penguin Books, 1992. Food in History by Reay Tannahill. New York: Crown, 1995.
Social manners are in three categories: (i) manners of hygiene, (ii) manners of courtesy, and (iii) manners of cultural norm. Each category accounts for an aspect of the functional role that manners play in a society. The categories of manners are based upon the social outcome of behaviour, rather than upon the personal motivation of the behaviour.