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The guilder (Dutch: gulden, pronounced [ˈɣʏldə(n)] ⓘ) or florin was the currency of the Netherlands from 1434 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro.. The Dutch name gulden was a Middle Dutch adjective meaning 'golden', [1] and reflects the fact that, when first introduced in 1434, its value was about equal to (i.e., it was on par with) the Italian gold florin.
As of 1690 the Gulden used in Southern Germany and the Austrian Empire adhered to the Leipzig standard, with the Gulden worth 1 ⁄ 18 a Cologne Mark of fine silver or 1 ⁄ 2 the Reichsthaler specie coin, or 12.992 g per Gulden. Below is a history (in terms of grams of silver) of the standards of the South German Gulden from 1690 until the ...
The Franc's value compared to the US dollar varied over the years. After 1971, its lowest mark was in February 1985, when one dollar would have bought 66.31 franc. Its highest standing was in July 1980, when it stood at 27.96 to the dollar. After 1 January 1999, the rates are calculated from the Francs fixed conversion rate to the Euro. [5]
In 1940, following the German occupation of the Netherlands, the link to the Dutch currency was broken, with a peg to the U.S. dollar of 1.88585 guilders = 1 dollar established. The peg was adjusted to 1.79 guilders = 1 dollar in 1971. In 1986, Aruba gained a status aparte and left the Netherlands Antilles.
The Aruban florin coins, from left to right: 5, 10, 25, 50 cents and 1, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 and 5 florin, before 2005. 2004 5-florin coin, slightly smaller than the 1-florin coin. 2012 (obverse)/2014 (reverse) 1-florin coin with Willem-Alexander on the reverse, as issued since 2013
The new Gulden was equal to the earlier Gulden and was worth four sevenths of a Prussian Thaler. [ citation needed ] In 1857, the Vereinsthaler was introduced to Baden but the Gulden, worth four sevenths of a Vereinsthaler, continued to be the chief unit of currency until 1873, when the German Mark was introduced at a rate of 1 Mark = 35 Kreuzer.
10 mark, 3.9825 g (3.5842 g gold) 20 mark, 7.965 g (7.1685 g gold) The 20 mark is the most seen and offers a variety of different types that were mass-produced and therefore can be purchased at a low premium above each coin's melt value. However, some designs are extremely elusive given that they were struck in very low mintages.
The first Gulden coins were issued in 1837, when Bavaria entered into the South German Monetary Union, setting the Gulden equal to four sevenths of a Prussian Thaler. The Gulden was subdivided into 60 Kreuzer. In 1857, the Gulden was set equal to four sevenths of a Vereinsthaler. The Gulden was replaced by the Mark at a rate of 1 Mark = 35 Kreuzer.