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As of 1690 the Gulden used in Southern Germany and the Austrian Empire adhered to the Leipzig standard, with the Gulden worth 1 ⁄ 18 a Cologne Mark of fine silver or 1 ⁄ 2 the Reichsthaler specie coin, or 12.992 g per Gulden. Below is a history (in terms of grams of silver) of the standards of the South German Gulden from 1690 until the ...
The guilder (Dutch: gulden, pronounced [ˈɣʏldə(n)] ⓘ) or florin was the currency of the Netherlands from 1434 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro.. The Dutch name gulden was a Middle Dutch adjective meaning 'golden', [1] and reflects the fact that, when first introduced in 1434, its value was about equal to (i.e., it was on par with) the Italian gold florin.
The new Gulden was equal to the earlier Gulden and was worth four sevenths of a Prussian Thaler. [ citation needed ] In 1857, the Vereinsthaler was introduced to Baden but the Gulden, worth four sevenths of a Vereinsthaler, continued to be the chief unit of currency until 1873, when the German Mark was introduced at a rate of 1 Mark = 35 Kreuzer.
The Franc's value compared to the US dollar varied over the years. After 1971, its lowest mark was in February 1985, when one dollar would have bought 66.31 franc. Its highest standing was in July 1980, when it stood at 27.96 to the dollar. After 1 January 1999, the rates are calculated from the Francs fixed conversion rate to the Euro. [5]
When the gulden was decimalized in 1857, new coins were issued in denominations of 1 ⁄ 2 (actually written 5 ⁄ 10), 1 and 4 kreuzers in copper, with silver coins of 5, 10, and 20 kreuzers, 1 ⁄ 4, 1 and 2 gulden and 1 and 2 Vereinsthaler and gold coins of 4 and 8 gulden (or 10- and 20 francs). Vereinsthaler issues ceased in 1867.
10 mark, 3.9825 g (3.5842 g gold) 20 mark, 7.965 g (7.1685 g gold) Gold marks are a popular choice for Latin Currency Union coin collectors. The 20 mark is the most seen and offers a variety of different types that were mass-produced and therefore can be purchased at a low premium above each coin's melt value.
Württemberg used the South German gulden as its currency until 1873. Until 1824, the Gulden was a unit of account and was used to denominate banknotes but was not issued as a coin . It was worth 5 ⁄ 12 of a Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer Landmünze .
Gulden is the historical German and Dutch term for gold coin (from Middle High German guldin [pfenni(n)c] "golden penny" and Middle Dutch guldijn florijn "golden florin"), equivalent to the English term guilder.