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Leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum novogranatense var. Novogranatense), from which cocaine, a naturally occurring local anesthetic, is derived [1] [2]. An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia — in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness.
In the 20th century, other agents such as lidocaine have replaced cocaine as a local anaesthetic. In 1888, Karl Koller moved to the United States and practiced ophthalmology in New York. He received many distinctions in his career, including being honored by the American Ophthalmological Society as the first recipient of the " Lucien Howe Medal ...
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Cocaine is a stimulant but is not normally prescribed therapeutically for its stimulant properties, although it sees clinical use as a local anesthetic, in particular in ophthalmology. [152] Most cocaine use is recreational and its abuse potential is high (higher than amphetamine), and so its sale and possession are strictly controlled in most ...
b, P < 0.01 compared with (—)-cocaine (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test) c Lidocaine was found to have a value of 39.6 ± 2.4, the weakest of all tested. d Same reference gives 25.9 ± 2.4 μM for (+)-cocaine and 13.6 ± 1.3 μM for norcocaine.
Nitracaine is a synthetic compound classified as a local anesthetic with stimulant properties. It falls into the class of drugs known as local anesthetics, and it is chemically related to cocaine. Nitracaine shares some similarities in effects with cocaine but has its own distinct pharmacological profile.
Cocaine (from French cocaïne, from Spanish coca, ultimately from Quechua kúka) [13] is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system stimulant.As an extract, it is mainly used recreationally and often illegally for its euphoric and rewarding effects.
He proposed – mistakenly – that the cocaine was absorbed into the venous circulation and subsequently transported to the spinal cord. [ 14 ] Although Bier properly deserves credit for the introduction of spinal anesthesia into the clinical practice of medicine, it was Corning who created the experimental conditions that ultimately led to ...