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The first known instances of "hillbilly" in print were in The Railroad Trainmen's Journal (vol. ix, July 1892), [2] an 1899 photograph of men and women in West Virginia labeled "Camp Hillbilly", [3] and a 1900 New York Journal article containing the definition: "a Hill-Billie is a free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the ...
The Hillbilly Highway was a parallel to the better-known Great Migration of African-Americans from the south. Many of these Appalachian migrants went to major industrial centers such as Detroit , Chicago , [ 2 ] Cleveland , [ 3 ] Cincinnati , Pittsburgh , Baltimore , Washington, D.C. , Milwaukee , Toledo , and Muncie , [ 4 ] while others ...
Albert Green Hopkins (1889 – October 21, 1932) [1] was an American musician, a pioneer of what later came to be called country music; in 1925 he originated the earlier designation of this music as "hillbilly music", [2] though not without qualms about its pejorative connotation. [1] Hopkins played piano, an unusual instrument for Appalachian ...
The popularity of such musicians as the Carter Family, who first recorded at the sessions, proved to industry executives that there was a market for "mountain" or "hillbilly" music. Other influential 1920s-era location recording sessions in Appalachia were the Johnson City sessions and the Knoxville sessions.
Many "hillbilly" musicians recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. [28] During the second generation (1930s–1940s), radio became a popular source of entertainment, and "barn dance" shows featuring country music were started all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California.
Prior to 1920 in country music, Train accidents – the C & O in 1890 near Hinton, West Virginia; train 382 occurs in 1900 in Vaughn, Mississippi; and train 97 in 1903 near Danville, Virginia – become the subject of several early country recordings. The word "Hillbillie" printed for the first time in New York Journal on April 23, 1900.
Beginning in the late 1920s, a distinctive style first called "old-timey" or "hillbilly" music began to be broadcast and recorded in the rural South and Midwest; early artists included the Carter Family, Charlie Poole and his North Carolina Ramblers, and Jimmie Rodgers.
The Battle of Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in United States history and is the largest armed uprising since the American Civil War. [5] [6] The conflict occurred in Logan County, West Virginia, as part of the Coal Wars, a series of early-20th-century labor disputes in Appalachia.