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  2. Begging the question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question

    In this stylized form of debate, the proposition that the answerer undertakes to defend is called ' the initial thing ' (Ancient Greek: τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ) and one of the rules of the debate is that the questioner cannot simply ask (beg) for it [clarification needed] (that would be trivial and uninteresting).

  3. Proposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition

    For example, "Snow is white" (in English) and "Schnee ist weiß" (in German) are different sentences, but they say the same thing, so they express the same proposition. Another definition of proposition is: Two meaningful declarative sentence-tokens express the same proposition, if and only if they mean the same thing. [citation needed]

  4. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    A proposition is a statement that makes a claim about what is the case. In this regard, propositions act as truth-bearers: they are either true or false. [18] [19] [3] For example, the sentence "The water is boiling." expresses a proposition since it can be true or false. The sentences "Is the water boiling?"

  5. Complex question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_question

    The presupposition is a proposition that is presumed to be acceptable to the respondent when the question is asked. The respondent becomes committed to this proposition when they give any direct answer. When a presupposition includes an admission of wrongdoing, it is called a "loaded question" and is a form of entrapment in legal trials or debates.

  6. Argumentation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory

    For example, if a person tries to convince a listener that he is a British citizen, the claim would be "I am a British citizen" (1). Ground (Fact, Evidence, Data) A fact one appeals to as a foundation for the claim. For example, the person introduced in 1 can support his claim with the supporting data "I was born in Bermuda" (2). Warrant

  7. World Schools Style debate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Schools_Style_debate

    World Schools Style debate (or WSS) is a debate format combining the British Parliamentary and Australia-Asian debating formats. Designed in 1988 to meet the needs of the World Schools Debating Championships tournament, it has become popular internationally as one of the main English high school debate formats.

  8. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

    (broadly) An example that disproves a statement or proposition, showing that it is not universally true. 2. ( to an argument form ) A counterexample to an argument form , or sequent , is an argument in the same logical form where the premises are clearly true but the conclusion is clearly false, showing that the form is invalid , since it lacks ...

  9. Declarative knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_knowledge

    For example, having a rational insight into the solution of a mathematical problem does not mean that the resulting knowledge is a posteriori. And knowing that 7 + 5 = 12 is a priori knowledge even though some form of consciousness is involved in learning what symbols like "7" and "+" mean and in becoming aware of the associated concepts.