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The writings of Marcus Tullius Cicero constitute one of the most renowned collections of historical and philosophical work in all of classical antiquity. Cicero was a Roman politician , lawyer , orator , political theorist , philosopher , and constitutionalist who lived during the years of 106–43 BC.
Marcus Tullius Cicero [a] (/ ˈ s ɪ s ə r oʊ / SISS-ə-roh; Latin: [ˈmaːrkʊs ˈtʊlli.ʊs ˈkɪkɛroː]; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, [4] who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. [5]
Cicero's works: text, concordances and frequency list; Biographies and descriptions of Cicero's time: At Project Gutenberg Plutarch's biography of Cicero contained in the Parallel Lives; Life of Cicero by Anthony Trollope, Volume I – Volume II; Cicero by Rev. W. Lucas Collins (Ancient Classics for English Readers) Roman life in the days of ...
Bust of a patrician from the Roman Republic. Cato Maior de Senectute ("Cato the Elder on Old Age") is an essay written by Cicero in 44 BC on the subject of aging and death.To lend his reflections greater import, [1] Cicero wrote his essay such that the esteemed Cato the Elder was lecturing to Scipio Aemilianus and Gaius Laelius Sapiens.
Cicero references also the ancient Latin poets and quotes from their works. [8] The Tusculan Disputations is the locus classicus of the legend of the Sword of Damocles , [ 16 ] as well as of the sole mention of cultura animi as an agricultural metaphor for human culture .
After Cicero's death, Tiro published some of his patron's speeches and letters, along with a collection of jokes and a biography; scholars believe the biography was later used as a main source in the historical works of Plutarch, Tacitus, and Aulus Gellius. [16] He had started collecting and editing Cicero's correspondence by 46 or 45 BC. [5]
The book was developed in the summer of the year 45 BC, and was written over the course of about one and a half months. Together with the Tusculanae Quaestiones written shortly afterwards and the Academica, De finibus bonorum et malorum is one of the most extensive philosophical works of Cicero. Cicero dedicated the book to Marcus Junius Brutus.
Marcus Tullius Cicero, the author of the now-lost Hortensius.. Just before composing the Hortensius, Cicero experienced many hardships. [2] [3] Politically, Gaius Julius Caesar became both dictator and consul in 46 BC, and was subverting elements of the Roman Senate, of which the decidedly republican Cicero was a fervent supporter.