Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO 2 OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very weak.
Acetic acid is said to be a differentiating solvent for the three acids, while water is not. [6]: (p. 217) An important example of a solvent which is more basic than water is dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, (). A compound which is a weak acid in water may become a strong acid in DMSO.
List of acids by Hammett acidity Name Hammett acidity Ref Trifluoroacetic acid-2.7 [1] Phosphoric acid-4.66 [2] Nitric acid-6.3 [3] Methanesulfonic acid-7.86 [2]
Amino acids with the structure NH + 3 −CXY−CXY−CO − 2, such as β-alanine, a component of carnosine and a few other peptides, are β-amino acids. Ones with the structure NH + 3 −CXY−CXY−CXY−CO − 2 are γ-amino acids, and so on, where X and Y are two substituents (one of which is normally H). [7]
Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3); these are also known as bench acids. [1] Mineral acids range from superacids (such as perchloric acid) to very weak ones (such as boric acid). Mineral acids tend to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents.
Stepwise dissociation constants are each defined for the loss of a single proton. The constant for dissociation of the first proton may be denoted as K a1 and the constants for dissociation of successive protons as K a2, etc. Phosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4, is an example of a polyprotic acid as it can lose three protons.
Other acidity functions have been proposed for different environments, most notably the Hammett acidity function, H 0, [3] for superacid media and its modified version H − for superbasic media. The term acidity function is also used for measurements made on basic systems, and the term basicity function is uncommon.
Bases and acids are seen as chemical opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium (H 3 O +) concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. A reaction between aqueous solutions of an acid and a base is called neutralization , producing a solution of water and a salt in which the salt separates into its ...