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In three-dimensional geometry, the girth of a geometric object, in a certain direction, is the perimeter of its parallel projection in that direction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For instance, the girth of a unit cube in a direction parallel to one of the three coordinate axes is four: it projects to a unit square , which has four as its perimeter.
[1] or volume-weighted mean size [2]). It is the mean diameter, which is directly obtained in particle size measurements, where the measured signal is proportional to the volume of the particles. The most prominent examples are laser diffraction [3] and acoustic spectroscopy (Coulter counter). The De Brouckere mean is defined in terms of the ...
The geometric mean is more appropriate than the arithmetic mean for describing proportional growth, both exponential growth (constant proportional growth) and varying growth; in business the geometric mean of growth rates is known as the compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The geometric mean of growth over periods yields the equivalent constant ...
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis.
A cubic graph (all vertices have degree three) of girth g that is as small as possible is known as a g-cage (or as a (3,g)-cage).The Petersen graph is the unique 5-cage (it is the smallest cubic graph of girth 5), the Heawood graph is the unique 6-cage, the McGee graph is the unique 7-cage and the Tutte eight cage is the unique 8-cage. [3]
The cubic mean is also used in biology to measure the mean dimensions of spherical bacteria [8] and of larger animals that are approximately spheroidal in shape. [9] In this case using the conventional arithmetic mean will not give an accurate result because the size of a spherical bacterium increases as the cube of the radius.
In fluid dynamics, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is an average measure of particle size. It was originally developed by German scientist Josef Sauter in the late 1920s. [1] [2] It is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest. Several methods have been devised to obtain a good estimate ...
The Crank–Nicolson stencil for a 1D problem. In mathematics, especially the areas of numerical analysis concentrating on the numerical solution of partial differential equations, a stencil is a geometric arrangement of a nodal group that relate to the point of interest by using a numerical approximation routine.