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Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase alertness. They are used for various purposes, such as enhancing attention , motivation , cognition , mood , and physical performance .
In contrast, stimulants, or "uppers", increase mental alertness, making stimulants the opposite drug class from depressants. Antidepressants are defined by their effect on mood, not on general brain activity, so they form an orthogonal category of drugs. Depressants are closely related to sedatives as a category of drugs, with significant ...
ATS when used illicitly has street names including ice, meth, crystal, crank, bennies, and speed. Within the group of amphetamine-type stimulants, there are also prescription drugs including mixed amphetamine salts, dextroamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleano.
Adderall and Mydayis [11] are trade names [note 2] for a combination drug containing four salts of amphetamine.The mixture is composed of equal parts racemic amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which produces a (3:1) ratio between dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, the two enantiomers of amphetamine. [13]
Amphetamine is a weak base with a pK a of 9.9; [3] consequently, when the pH is basic, more of the drug is in its lipid soluble free base form, and more is absorbed through the lipid-rich cell membranes of the gut epithelium. [3] [29] Conversely, an acidic pH means the drug is predominantly in a water-soluble cationic (salt) form, and less is ...
The movie which is based on a book by Evan Hughes called Pain Hustlers: Crime and Punishment at an Opioid Startup, explores the marketing and sales tactics used to sell the drug, and the ...
Metformin helps manage blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes in a few different ways: It helps the body respond better to the insulin it makes naturally, decreases the amount of sugar the ...
AMC's Breaking Bad, a crime drama series revolving around the large-scale illicit production of methamphetamine, has been lauded by critics and audiences alike for its realist approach to the portrayal of the international drug trade. It has also been called a "contemporary western" by the series creator Vince Gilligan. [53]