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  2. Austenite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite

    Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron with an alloying element. [1] In plain-carbon steel, austenite exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000 K (727 °C); other alloys of steel have different eutectoid temperatures.

  3. Austenitic stainless steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenitic_stainless_steel

    300 series stainless steels are the larger subgroup. The most common austenitic stainless steel and most common of all stainless steel is Type 304, also known as 18/8 or A2. Type 304 is extensively used in such items as cookware, cutlery, and kitchen equipment. Type 316, also known as A4, is the next most common austenitic stainless steel.

  4. Austempering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austempering

    Austempering is heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most notably steel and ductile iron. In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite. It is primarily used to improve mechanical properties or reduce ...

  5. Martensite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martensite

    For a eutectoid steel (0.76% C), between 6 and 10% of austenite, called retained austenite, will remain. The percentage of retained austenite increases from insignificant for less than 0.6% C steel, to 13% retained austenite at 0.95% C and 30–47% retained austenite for a 1.4% carbon steel. A very rapid quench is essential to create martensite.

  6. Allotropes of iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_iron

    In this form it is called gamma iron (γ-Fe) or austenite. γ-iron can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.04% by mass at 1,146 °C). This γ form of carbon saturation is exhibited in austenitic stainless steel.

  7. Maraging steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraging_steel

    Maraging blades are superior for foil and épée because crack propagation in maraging steel is 10 times slower than in carbon steel, resulting in less frequent breaking of the blade and fewer injuries. [i] [20] Stainless maraging steel is used in bicycle frames (e.g. Reynolds 953 introduced in 2013) [21] and golf club heads. [22]

  8. Alloy steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy_steel

    The properties of steel depend on its microstructure: the arrangement of different phases, some harder, some with greater ductility. At the atomic level, the four phases of auto steel include martensite (the hardest yet most brittle), bainite (less hard), ferrite (more ductile), and austenite (the most ductile). The phases are arranged by ...

  9. Stainless steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel

    Austenitic stainless steel [44] [45] is the largest family of stainless steels, making up about two-thirds of all stainless steel production. [46] They have a face-centered cubic crystal structure. [ 47 ]