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  2. Common-ion effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-ion_effect

    The effect is commonly seen as an effect on the solubility of salts and other weak electrolytes. Adding an additional amount of one of the ions of the salt generally leads to increased precipitation of the salt, which reduces the concentration of both ions of the salt until the solubility equilibrium is reached. The effect is based on the fact ...

  3. Aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution

    The ability for ions to move freely through the solvent is a characteristic of an aqueous strong electrolyte solution. The solutes in a weak electrolyte solution are present as ions, but only in a small amount. [3] Nonelectrolytes are substances that dissolve in water yet maintain their molecular integrity (do not dissociate into ions).

  4. Electrolyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte

    If a high proportion of the solute dissociates to form free ions, the electrolyte is strong; if most of the solute does not dissociate, the electrolyte is weak. The properties of electrolytes may be exploited using electrolysis to extract constituent elements and compounds contained within the solution. [citation needed] Alkaline earth metals ...

  5. Conductivity (electrolytic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivity_(electrolytic)

    The electrolytic conductivity of ultra-high purity water increases as a function of temperature (T) due to the higher dissociation of H 2 O in H + and OH − with T. In many cases, conductivity is linked directly to the total dissolved solids (TDS). High-quality deionized water has a conductivity of

  6. Debye–Hückel theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye–Hückel_theory

    Weak electrolytes. A weak electrolyte is one that is not fully dissociated. As such it has a dissociation constant. The dissociation constant can be used to calculate the extent of dissociation and hence, make the necessary correction needed to calculate activity coefficients. [17] Ions are spherical, not point charges and are not polarized.

  7. Weak base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_base

    An example of a weak base is ammonia. It does not contain hydroxide ions, but it reacts with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. [4] The position of equilibrium varies from base to base when a weak base reacts with water. The further to the left it is, the weaker the base. [5]

  8. Molar conductivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_conductivity

    For strong electrolytes, such as salts, strong acids and strong bases, the molar conductivity depends only weakly on concentration. On dilution there is a regular increase in the molar conductivity of strong electrolyte, due to the decrease in solute–solute interaction. Based on experimental data Friedrich Kohlrausch (around the year 1900 ...

  9. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    However, for weak acids, a quadratic equation must be solved, and for weak bases, a cubic equation is required. In general, a set of non-linear simultaneous equations must be solved. Water itself is a weak acid and a weak base, so its dissociation must be taken into account at high pH and low solute concentration (see Amphoterism).