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Shortwall mining – A coal mining method that accounts for less than 1% of deep coal production, shortwall involves the use of a continuous mining machine with moveable roof supports, similar to longwall. The continuous miner shears coal panels 150–200 feet wide and more than a half-mile long, depending on other things like the strata of the ...
In the case of oxide copper ore, a heap leaching pad will dissolve a dilute copper sulfate solution in a weak sulfuric acid solution. This pregnant leach solution (PLS) is pumped to an extraction mixer settler where it is mixed with the organic phase (a kerosene hosted extractant). The copper transfers to the organic phase, and the aqueous ...
Continuous mining utilizes a continuous miner machine with a large rotating steel drum equipped with tungsten carbide picks that scrape coal from the seam. Operating in a "room and pillar", also known as "bord and pillar" system, where the mine is divided into a series of 20-to-30-foot (5–10 m) "rooms" or work areas cut into the coalbed—it ...
An example would be plotting the , value every time it passes through the = plane where is changing from negative to positive, commonly done when studying the Lorenz attractor. In the case of the Rössler attractor, the x = 0 {\displaystyle x=0} plane is uninteresting, as the map always crosses the x = 0 {\displaystyle x=0} plane at z = 0 ...
More modern room and pillar mines use a more "continuous" method, that uses machinery to simultaneously grind off rock and move it to the surface. [12] Other processes, such as backfill, where discarded tailings are unloaded into mined-out areas, [9] can be used, but are not required. Retreat mining (below) is an example of a process like this.
A mining ship or station collects the deposits for processing. [50] The continuous-line bucket system (CLB) is an older approach. It operates like a conveyor-belt, running from the bottom to the surface where a ship or mining platform extracts the minerals, and returns the tailings to the ocean. [75]
Process mining is a family of techniques used to analyze event data in order to understand and improve operational processes. Part of the fields of data science and process management, process mining is generally built on logs that contain case id, a unique identifier for a particular process instance; an activity, a description of the event that is occurring; a timestamp; and sometimes other ...
Fig 1 shows a simplified diagram of the CLC process. Fig 2 shows an example of a dual fluidized bed circulating reactor system and a moving bed-fluidized bed circulating reactor system. Isolation of the fuel from air simplifies the number of chemical reactions in combustion .