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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications.
Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [2] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [3] [4] [5] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus. It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [6]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common cause of chest pain in adults. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: The pain is aggravated when lying down or after meals. Affected individuals may describe this as a heartburn. Besides, they may also complain of tasting bitter contents from the stomach.
Esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus, most commonly caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease . [6] It is defined by the sensation of "heartburn" or a burning sensation in the chest as a result of inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter at the site where the esophagus connects to the stomach. It is often treated ...
Gastroesophageal reflux disease can cause acid erosion of the teeth and halitosis. Gardner's syndrome can be associated with failure of tooth eruption, supernumerary teeth, and dentigerous cysts. Peutz–Jeghers syndrome can cause dark spots on the oral mucosa or on the lips or the skin around the mouth.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is usually assumed to be caused by inflammation from gastric acid reflux which irritates the mucosa. One study suggests that the pathogenesis of may be cytokine-mediated. [6] Microscopic Slide of Infectious Esophagitis. Infectious esophagitis. Esophagitis happens due to a viral, fungal, parasitic or bacterial ...
In the absence of heart abnormalities, the diagnosis is often made on the basis of symptoms. A gastroenterologist will perform a colonoscopy, endoscopy, and abdominal ultrasound to locate or rule out problems in the abdomen. Determining the cause of Roemheld syndrome is still not an exact science.
These patients are usually older and have had GERD for a long time. Esophageal stricture can also be due to other causes, such as acid reflux from Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, trauma from a nasogastric tube placement, and chronic acid exposure in patients with poor esophageal motility from scleroderma. Other non-acid related causes of peptic ...