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A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives .
The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl: 10665/259481. ISBN 978-92-4-121015-7. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series; no. 1006.
Autonomic drugs are substances that can either inhibit or enhance the functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. This type of drug can be used to treat a wide range of diseases an disorders, including glaucoma, asthma, and disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal and circulatory systems.
Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system(SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will.
Medications such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine target pre-synaptic auto receptors, therefore leading to an overall decrease in norepinephrine which clinically can cause effects such as sedation, analgesia, lowering of blood pressure and bradycardia. There is also low quality evidence that they can reduce shivering post operatively.
Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, or even delay premature labor, among other things. These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines.
In 2022, it was the 275th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions. [13] [14] Guanfacine is approved by the US FDA for monotherapy treatment of ADHD, [3] as well as being used for augmentation of stimulant medications.
Trimetaphan camsilate or trimethaphan camsylate (), trade name Arfonad, is a sympatholytic drug used in rare circumstances to lower blood pressure.. Trimetaphan is a ganglionic blocker: it counteracts cholinergic transmission at a specific type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous ...