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Mallory–Weiss syndrome is a condition where high intra-abdominal pressures causes laceration and bleeding of the mucosa called Mallory-Weiss tears. [1] Additionally, Mallory–Weiss syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding , counting of around 1-15% of all cases in adults and less than 5% in children.
[4] [2] This may be related to Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, which causes severe disease. Vascular malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as bleeding gastric varices or intestinal varices. [4] Mallory–Weiss syndrome: bleeding tears in the esophagal mucosa, usually caused by prolonged and vigorous retching. [4]
Esophageal rupture, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, is a rupture of the esophageal wall. Iatrogenic causes account for approximately 56% of esophageal perforations, usually due to medical instrumentation such as an endoscopy or paraesophageal surgery. [ 1 ]
Mueller–Weiss syndrome, also known as Mueller–Weiss disease, is a rare [2] idiopathic degenerative disease of the adult navicular bone characterized by progressive collapse and fragmentation, leading to mid- and hindfoot pain and deformity. [3] [1] It is most commonly seen in females, ages 40–60. [4]
This erythromycin treatment may lead to a small decrease in the need for a blood transfusion, but the overall balance of how effective erythromycin is compared to potential risks is not clear. [ 15 ] [ 23 ] Proton pump inhibitors, if they have not been started earlier, are recommended in those in whom high risk signs for bleeding are found. [ 15 ]
Types of mesenteric ischemia are generally separated into acute and chronic processes, because this helps determine treatment and prognosis. [4] Bowel obstruction is most often caused by intestinal adhesions, which frequently form after abdominal surgeries, or by chronic infections such as diverticulitis, hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
For example, in the first sentence defining what mallory-weiss syndrome is, mallory-weis syndrome was defined as "bleeding from a laceration in the mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus" but after edits from this group, it became "a condition where high intra-abdominal pressures causes laceration and bleeding of the mucosa".
Portal hypertensive gastropathy can also be treated with endoscopic treatment delivered through a fibre-optic camera into the stomach. Argon plasma coagulation and electrocautery have both been used to stop bleeding from ectatic vessels, and to attempt to obliterate the vessels, but have limited utility if the disease is diffuse.