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NRF2 is kept in the cytoplasm by Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 and Cullin 3, which degrade NRF2 by ubiquitination. [19] Cullin 3 ubiquitinates NRF2, while Keap1 is a substrate adaptor protein that facilitates the reaction. Once NRF2 is ubiquitinated, it is transported to the proteasome, where it is degraded and its components recycled.
A series of synthetic oleane triterpenoid compounds, known as antioxidant inflammation modulators (AIMs), are being developed by Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and are potent inducers of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, blocking Keap1-dependent Nrf2 ubiquitination and leading to the stabilization and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequent induction ...
11819 Ensembl ENSG00000185551 ENSMUSG00000030551 UniProt P24468 P43135 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021005 NM_001145155 NM_001145156 NM_001145157 NM_009697 NM_183261 RefSeq (protein) NP_001138627 NP_001138628 NP_001138629 NP_066285 NP_033827 NP_899084 Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 96.33 – 96.34 Mb Chr 7: 70 – 70.02 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse COUP-TFII (COUP transcription ...
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is ...
transcriptional regulation – controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA; upregulation, activation, or promotion – increase the rate of gene transcription; downregulation, repression, or suppression – decrease the rate of gene transcription
Regions around 10 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream of Klf9 transcription start site contain conserved antioxidant response elements (AREs), which are binding sites for Nrf2. [7] Nrf2 is a major regulator of the antioxidant response to ROS within the cell. Klf9 is upregulated by Nrf2; when oxidative stress is high and concentration of ...
[17] [51] [52] Furthermore, JDP2 binds directly to the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) core sequence, associates with Nrf2 and MafK (Nrf2–MafK) via basic leucine zipper domains, and increases DNA-binding activity of the Nrf2–MafK complex to the ARE and the transcription of ARE-dependent genes such as HO1 and NQO1. [52]
4097 17134 Ensembl ENSG00000197063 ENSMUSG00000051510 UniProt O15525 O54790 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002359 NM_032711 NM_010756 RefSeq (protein) NP_002350 NP_116100 NP_034886 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 81.92 – 81.93 Mb Chr 11: 120.52 – 120.52 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transcription factor MafG is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the ...