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Rates of asthma rates in 2017 [1] As of 2011, approximately 235 million people worldwide were affected by asthma, [2] and roughly 250,000 people die per year from asthma-related causes. [3] Low and middle income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality. [4] Prevalences vary between countries from 1% to 18%. [3]
The strongest risk factor for developing asthma is a history of atopic disease; [66] with asthma occurring at a much greater rate in those who have either eczema or hay fever. [80] Asthma has been associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg–Strauss syndrome), an autoimmune disease and vasculitis. [81]
The pathogenesis of ACO is poorly understood, but it is thought to involve both type 2 inflammation (usually seen in asthma) as well as type 1 inflammation (seen in COPD). The incidence and prevalence of ACO are not well known. The risk factors for ACO are also incompletely understood, but tobacco smoke is known to be a major risk factor.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Asthma is also prevalent in children in low income countries. Homes with roaches and mice, as well as mold and mildew put children at risk for developing asthma as well as exposure to cigarette smoke. [96] Unlike many other Western countries, the mortality rate for asthma has steadily risen in the United States over the last two decades. [97]
Results from a few clinical trials as well as observational studies have shed light on the potential benefits of GLP-1s in asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis, although large-scale clinical ...