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If the first test is positive, consider the person infected. If the first test is negative, give a second test one to three weeks after the first injection. The second test is read 48–72 hours after injection. If the second test is positive, consider the person infected in the distant past. [23]
Injecting a Mantoux skin test The Mantoux test for TB involves intradermally injecting PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) tuberculin and measuring the size of induration 48-72 hours later. The Mantoux skin test is used in the United States and is endorsed by the American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .
If there is any question of active TB, sputum smears must be obtained. Therefore, any applicant might have findings grouped in this category, but still have active TB as suggested by the presence of signs or symptoms of TB, or sputum smears positive for AFB. [2] The main chest X-ray findings that can suggest inactive TB are: [2] 1.
A Mantoux tuberculin skin test. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. [100] Those who have been previously immunized with the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine may have a false-positive test result. [107] The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition ...
The test used in the United States at present is referred to as the Mantoux test. An alternative test called the Heaf test was used in the United Kingdom until 2005, although the UK now uses the Mantoux test in line with the rest of the world. Both of these tests use the tuberculin derivative PPD (purified protein derivative). [citation needed]
TB positive, indicating a sensitivity of 97.2%. [3] However, more recent data from a study in children with active TB disease in the UK suggest that the sensitivity of the T-SPOT. TB may in fact be worse than that of the tuberculin skin test (sensitivity reported as 66% and 82%, respectively). [ 4 ]
The equivalent Mantoux test positive levels done with 10 TU (0.1 mL 100 TU/mL, 1:1000) are 0–4 mm induration (Heaf 0-1) 5–14 mm induration (Heaf 2) >15 mm induration (Heaf 3-4) The Mantoux test is preferred in the United States for the diagnosis of tuberculosis; multiple puncture tests, such as the Heaf test and Tine test, are not recommended.
But it can occur anywhere in the skin, such as in the sole of the feet, in the anus, and, in the case of children from developing countries, in the buttocks and knees. This is because children from countries of high incidence of tuberculosis can contract the lesion after contact with tuberculous sputum , by walking barefoot, sitting or playing ...