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  2. Phospholipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid

    Phospholipids[1] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. [2]

  3. Phosphatidylglycerol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylglycerol

    Phosphatidylglycerol. Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant [1] and in the plasma membrane where it directly activates lipid-gated ion channels. The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons ...

  4. Ethanol-induced non-lamellar phases in phospholipids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol-induced_non...

    The issues are: 1) how the alteration of the phospholipids' phase occurs 2) understanding the significance of ethanol's interaction with membrane proteins and membrane phospholipids 3) understanding the permeability of the biomembrane based on the tolerance and adaptation level in the presence of ethanol although this process appears to be ...

  5. Phosphatidylinositol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol

    Phosphatidylinositol (PI), also known as inositol phospholipid, is a lipid composed of a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and one inositol molecule. It belongs to the class of phosphatidylglycerides and is typically found as a minor component on the cytosolic side of eukaryotic cell membranes.

  6. Pulmonary surfactant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_surfactant

    Pulmonary surfactant. Alveoli are the spherical outcroppings of the respiratory bronchioles. Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. [1] The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

  7. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-b...

    Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns (4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI (4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns (4,5) P2 is enriched at the plasma membrane where it is a substrate for a number of important signaling proteins. [1] PIP2 also forms lipid clusters [2] that sort proteins. [3][4][5]

  8. Sphingomyelin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomyelin

    Sphingomyelin consists of a phosphocholine head group, a sphingosine, and a fatty acid. It is one of the few membrane phospholipids not synthesized from glycerol. The sphingosine and fatty acid can collectively be categorized as a ceramide. This composition allows sphingomyelin to play significant roles in signaling pathways: the degradation ...

  9. Phosphatidylserine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylserine

    Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd-L-Ser or PS) is a phospholipid and is a component of the cell membrane. [1] It plays a key role in cell cycle signaling, specifically in relation to apoptosis. It is a key pathway for viruses to enter cells via apoptotic mimicry. [2] Its exposure on the outer surface of a membrane marks the cell for ...