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  2. Bohr model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

    The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory.

  3. Bohr–Sommerfeld model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr–Sommerfeld_model

    The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons around an atomic nucleus. Bohr–Sommerfeld theory is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr and German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld. Sommerfeld showed that, if electronic orbits ...

  4. Complementarity (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity_(physics)

    e. In physics, complementarity is a conceptual aspect of quantum mechanics that Niels Bohr regarded as an essential feature of the theory. [1][2] The complementarity principle holds that certain pairs of complementary properties cannot all be observed or measured simultaneously. For example, position and momentum or wave and particle properties.

  5. Niels Bohr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr

    Signature. Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish: [ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.

  6. Copenhagen interpretation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation

    v. t. e. The Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and others. [1] While "Copenhagen" refers to the Danish city, the use as an "interpretation" was apparently coined by Heisenberg during the 1950s to refer to ideas developed ...

  7. Franck–Hertz experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck–Hertz_experiment

    e. The Franck–Hertz experiment was the first electrical measurement to clearly show the quantum nature of atoms. It was presented on April 24, 1914, to the German Physical Society in a paper by James Franck and Gustav Hertz. [1][2] Franck and Hertz had designed a vacuum tube for studying energetic electrons that flew through a thin vapor of ...

  8. Correspondence principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence_principle

    Correspondence principle. In physics, a correspondence principle is any one of several premises or assertions about the relationship between classical and quantum mechanics. The physicist Niels Bohr coined the term in 1920 [1] during the early development of quantum theory; he used it to explain how quantized classical orbitals connect to ...

  9. Lyman series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_series

    Lyman series. In physics and chemistry, the Lyman series is a hydrogen spectral series of transitions and resulting ultraviolet emission lines of the hydrogen atom as an electron goes from n ≥ 2 to n = 1 (where n is the principal quantum number), the lowest energy level of the electron (groundstate). The transitions are named sequentially by ...