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PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [1] PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. [2] PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase.
Classic DNA inhibitors such as the quinolones act upon DNA gyrase as a topoisomerase inhibitor. [2] Another group of DNA inhibitors, including nitrofurantoin and metronidazole, act upon anaerobic bacteria. [3] These act by generating metabolites that are incorporated into DNA strands, which then are more prone to breakage. [4] These drugs are ...
DNA polymerase inhibitors (4 P) N. Nitrogen mustards (1 C, 41 P) T. Topoisomerase inhibitors (2 C, 38 P) Pages in category "DNA replication inhibitors"
These topoisomerase-DNA-inhibitor complexes are cytotoxic agents, as the un-repaired single- and double stranded DNA breaks they cause can lead to apoptosis and cell death. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Because of this ability to induce apoptosis, topoisomerase inhibitors have gained interest as therapeutics against infectious and cancerous cells.
In response to decreased tetrahydrofolate (THF), the cell begins to transcribe more DHF reductase, the enzyme that reduces DHF to THF. Because methotrexate is a competitive inhibitor of DHF reductase, increased concentrations of DHF reductase can overcome the drugs inhibition. Many new drugs are under development to reduce antifolate drug ...
A hypomethylating agent (or demethylating agent [1]) is a drug that inhibits DNA methylation: the modification of DNA nucleotides by addition of a methyl group.Because DNA methylation affects cellular function through successive generations of cells without changing the underlying DNA sequence, treatment with a hypomethylating agent is considered a type of epigenetic therapy.
Azacitidine is the first drug to be approved by FDA for treating MDS and has been given orphan drug status. [2] [3] Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. [4] There are many other demethylating agents that can be used to inhibit the growth of other diseases. [5]
Azacitidine is a chemical analogue of the nucleoside cytidine, which is present in DNA and RNA.It is thought to have antineoplastic activity via two mechanisms – at low doses, by inhibiting of DNA methyltransferase, causing hypomethylation of DNA, [16] and at high doses, by its direct cytotoxicity to abnormal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow through its incorporation into DNA and RNA ...