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The Tokyo Charter defines war crimes as "violations of the laws or customs of war," [22] which involves acts using prohibited weapons, violating battlefield norms while engaging in combat with the enemy combatants, or against protected persons, [23] including enemy civilians and citizens and property of neutral states as in the case of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The total death toll of the Nanjing Massacre is a highly contentious subject in Chinese and Japanese historiography. Following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese Imperial Army marched from Shanghai to the Chinese capital city of Nanjing (Nanking), and though a large number of Chinese POWs and civilians were slaughtered by the Japanese following their entrance into ...
This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths directly or indirectly caused by the deadliest wars in history. These numbers encompass the deaths of military personnel resulting directly from battles or other wartime actions, as well as wartime or war-related civilian deaths, often caused by war-induced epidemics, famines, or genocides.
The Nanjing Massacre [b] or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking [c]) was the mass murder of Chinese civilians by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanking and retreat of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
War crimes in Manchukuo were committed during the rule of the Empire of Japan in northeast China, either directly, or through its puppet state of Manchukuo, from 1931 to 1945. Various war crimes took placed, but have received comparatively little historical attention.
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The Chinese expression "Three Alls" was first popularized in Japan in 1957 when former Japanese soldiers released from the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre wrote a book called "The Three Alls: Japanese Confessions of War Crimes in China" (三光、日本人の中国における戦争犯罪の告白, Sankō, Nihonjin no Chūgoku ni okeru ...
The Museum of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province also revealed new evidence of the Japanese army's atrocities during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), including a rotary gun camera used by the Japanese to test the hit rate of weapons, which can photograph the shooting process when ...