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According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion. [ 4 ] Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.
Phren, however, is not exclusively applied to humans. In Empedocles' system, Phren is a general psychological agent to which moral blame and praise can be extended, [4] that darts through the universe as effluences, steers and controls the cosmos in the process and is the measure of what is harmonious and what is fit to exist. [5]
Nikolsky's sign is a clinical dermatological sign, named after Pyotr Nikolsky (1858–1940), a Russian physician who trained and worked in the Russian Empire. The sign is present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer.
Kehr's sign is the occurrence of acute pain in the tip of the shoulder due to the presence of blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity when a person is lying down and the legs are elevated. Kehr's sign in the left shoulder is considered a classic symptom of a ruptured spleen .
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Use of the sign has been supported by others. [5] [6] A study published in 2022 found that a positive Blumberg's sign made the diagnosis of acute appendicitis more likely, but that a negative sign did not rule out the diagnosis. In that sense, a positive Blumberg's sign serves as a tool to supplement clinical diagnosis. [7]
In the context of a positive Hoover's sign, functional weakness (or "conversion disorder") is much more likely than malingering or factitious disorder. [3] Strong hip muscles can make the test difficult to interpret. [4] Efforts have been made to use the theory behind the sign to report a quantitative result. [5]
Frontal release signs are primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders that affect the frontal lobes.The appearance of such signs reflects the area of brain dysfunction rather than a specific disorder which may be diffuse, such as a dementia, or localised, such as a tumor.