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The Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis), also known as the man-of-war [6] or bluebottle, [7] is a marine hydrozoan found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.It is considered to be the same species as the Pacific man o' war or bluebottle, which is found mainly in the Pacific Ocean. [8]
Often mistaken for jellyfish because of their jelly-like appearance, the man-of-war is a species of siphonophore whose distinctive blue gas-filled bubble that floats above the water looks like ...
This small cnidarian is part of a specialised ocean surface community that includes the better-known cnidarian siphonophore, the Portuguese man o' war. Specialized predatory gastropod molluscs prey on these cnidarians. Such predators include nudibranchs (sea slugs) in the genus Glaucus [4] and purple snails in the genus Janthina. [5]
A total of 1,315 jellyfish sightings were reported to the Marine Conservation Society for its annual review, including a 2% rise in the man o’war. ... including a 2% rise in the man o’war.
The fish is known to live within the dangerous tentacles of the Portuguese man-o'-war. Rather than using mucus to prevent nematocysts from firing, as is seen in some of the clownfish sheltering among sea anemones, the fish appears to use highly agile swimming to physically avoid tentacles. [4] [5]
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The family Physaliidae is monotypic, consisting of only one genus, Physalia. [2] The genus is also monotypic, containing only P. physalis. [1] [3] There is a long history of the genus being described with multiple species, such as the Pacific man o' war (P. utriculus), however most of these species are now considered synonyms for P. physalis.
Carl Linnaeus described the first siphonophore, the Portuguese man o' war, in 1758. [11] The discovery rate of siphonophore species was slow in the 18th century, as only four additional species were found. [11] During the 19th century, 56 new species were observed due to research voyages conducted by European powers. [11]